Poole Stuart C. / 导读 刘润清. An Introduction to Linguistics / 语言学入门

Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press / 外语教学与研究出版社 麦克米伦出版社, 2000. — F28, 219 pages. — ISBN: 7-5600-1869–6.Двуязычное издание на английском и китайском (мандаринском) языках. Содержит упражнения с ответами.This book introduces the nature of language. It deals with the sounds that we make when we speak, with the way in which we construct sentences, with the ways in which our speech varies between social situations, and so on. It does so by the commonly adopted method of having chapters with such headings as phonetics, syntax, social variation. Less conventionally, it has a major chapter which, against the background of these aspects of linguistics, presents the principal features of the languages of Western Europe.You have at least one remarkable skill; you can speak a language. For at least one language you generally know what can and what cannot be designated by the everyday words you know what is and what is not an acceptable way of combining words to form a sentence, you have a good idea of whether or not a particular statement would be acceptable in a particular social situation. As a skilled user, then, you already have a substantial foundation for the study of Language. That foundation and an interest in language are all you need; given those, this introductory book can lead you to an understanding of what language consists of, of how it works. It serves as an introductory book for students of linguistics and as important background material for students of modern languages.Reflecting my work in continuing education, I have attempted to write in a readable style that will also make the book attractive to the many people who want to explore the fascinating world of language without entering full-time education.What Is Language?
The Significance of Language
What Is Language?
The Functions of Language
What Is a Language?
The Elements of Language
Lexis
What Is a Word?
Where Do Words Come From?
Semantics
The Function of Lexemes
The Meaning of Meaning
Semantic Range
The Definition of Semantic Range
Collocation and Idiom
Homonymy and Polysemy
The Human Element of Meaning
Pragmatics
Discourse Analysis
Phonetics
The Organs of Speech
Consonants
Phonemic Notation
Vowels
Sounds in Sequence
Phonology
Sound Systems of Languages
The Phoneme
Phonological Rules
The Phonology of English
The Phonology of Other Languages
Supra segmental Features
Morphology
The Composition of Words
Morphemes
Derivation and Inflection
Productivity and Word Formation
Problems of Morphological Analysis
Syntax
Syntax as Opposed to Morphology
Word Classes
Constituent Structure
Noam Chomsky
Syntactic Forms
Regional Variation
Variations of Variations
Horizontal Definition of Dialect
Vertical Definition of Dialect
The Nature of Variation
Social Variation
The Social Dimension
The Standard Language
The Uri?an Vanguard
Men and Women
Power and Solidarity
Registers and Diglossia
Taboo and Political Correctness
Slang
Historical Linguistics
The Diachronic Dimension
How Language Changes
Why Language Changes
When Language Changes
Divergence
Convergence
Pidgins and Creoles
The Languages of Western Europe
The Indo-European Family of Languagef
The Germanic Languages
The Romance Languages
The Celtic Languages
Finnish
Writing Systems
Communication across Time and Space
Morphemic and Phonetic Script
Chinese Script - A Morphemic System
Roman Script - An Alphabetic System
Allographs