Crawford J.A. Frequency Synthesizer Design Handbook

New York: Artech House, 1994. — 456 p. — ISBN: 978-0890064405.This work is aimed at practitioners wishing to gain a broader systems-based perspective of phase-locked loops; and is also suitable as a graduate text for engineering students. It provides detailed coverage of digital sampling effects in modern phase-locked frequency synthesizers from a systems perspective, and discusses all aspects of phase noise, its mathematical modelling and its impact upon different digital communication systems. Sections on building blocks for frequency synthesis using phase-locked loops, frequency synthesis using sampled-data control systems, and MASCET, are included.Preface.

Introduction to Computer-Aided Frequency Synthesizer Design.Building Blocks for Frequency Synthesis Using Phase-Locked Loops.
The Design Fqnatinn.
Basic Componentry in Phase-Locked Loops.
Frequency-Locked Loops.
Signal Contamination in Phase-Locked Loops.
To Ground or Not to Ground.Phase Noise and Its Impact on System Performance.
General Noise Theory.
Power Spectral Density Calculations in Discrete Sampled Systems.
Defining Standardized Phase Noise Quantities.
Creating Accurate Phase Noise PSPs in the Laboratory.
Creating Arbitrary Phase Noise Spectra in a Digital Signal Processing Environment.
Phase Noise in Devices.
Assessing System Performance in the Presence of Frequency Synthesizer Phase Noise.
Worst Case Bounding of Synthesizer Phase Noise Requirements.Phase-Locked Loop Analysis for Continuous Linear Systems.
Phase-Locked Loop Basics.
Pseudo-Continuous Phase Detector Models.
Modeling Time Delays in Continuous Systems.
Frequency-Domain Analysis.
Transient Response Evaluation for Continuous Systems.A Loop Bandwidth Considerations Usinp the Phase-Frequency Detector.Frequency Synthesis Using Sampled-Data Control Systems.
Sampled-Data Control System Basics.
Frequency-Domain Analysis.
Stability.
Time-Domain Analysis.
Closed-Form Sampled-Data System Results.
Phase Noise.Fast-Switching Frequency Synthesizer Design Considerations.
Type 1 Case Study.
Initial Phase Error Impact on Switching Speed.
Sample-and-Hold Phase Detector Noise.
Type 2 Phase-Locked Loop With Simplified Phase-Frequency Detector.
Post-Tuning Drift With Type 2 Systems.
Choosing Between Sample-and-Hold and Phase-Frequency Detectors.Hybrid Phase-Locked Loops.
Hybrid Architectures.
Dual Loop Frequency Synthesis.
Direct Digital Synthesizer Fundamentals.
Hybrid Phase-Locked Loop/DDS Frequency Synthesizer.
Pros and Cons of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis.
Advanced Fractional-N Concepts.MACSET: A Computer Program for the Design and Analysis of Phase-Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizers.
Time-Domain Modeling.
Numerical Integration Formulas.
Numerical Integration Algorithm Stability.
Discrete Circuit Models.
Circuit Macros.
Frequency-Domain Analysis.
Phase Noise Computations.Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis.
Some Pros and Cons Behind Fractional-N Synthesis.
Fractional-N Synthesis: General Concepts.
Fractional-N Systems Aspects.