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The theory of p-adic numbers is apply to the theory of numbers, especially the theory of quadratic forms, but later on found satisfaction from studying the properties of the field p-adic numbers by itself.
Another important contribution to the p-adic theory was published in 1917 by Aleksandr Markovič Ostrovskij, cataloguing all the possible valuations on Q, which was one of the most important founding stones of the theory of p-adic analysis.
It might be interesting to note that the modern p-adic theory has manifold applications in the world of physics as well. In chapter three we will briefly mention one of them, related to high-energy physics, but the p-adic numbers also find applications in quantum physics, string theory, molecular biology and chaotic physical systems.