Chiffi D. Clinical Reasoning: Knowledge, Uncertainty, and Values in Health Care

Springer, 2021. — 168 p. — (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 58). — ISBN: 978-3-030-59094-9.This book offers a philosophically-based, yet clinically-oriented perspective on current medical reasoning aiming at 1) identifying important forms of uncertainty permeating current clinical reasoning and practice 2) promoting the application of an abductive methodology in the health context in order to deal with those clinical uncertainties 3) bridging the gap between biomedical knowledge, clinical practice, and research and values in both clinical and philosophical literature. With a clear philosophical emphasis, the book investigates themes lying at the border between several disciplines, such as medicine, nursing, logic, epistemology, and philosophy of science; but also ethics, epidemiology, and statistics. At the same time, it critically discusses and compares several professional approaches to clinical practice such as the one of medical doctors, nurses and other clinical practitioners, showing the need for developing a unified framework of reasoning, which merges methods and resources from many different clinical but also non-clinical disciplines. In particular, this book shows how to leverage nursing knowledge and practice, which has been considerably neglected so far, to further shape the interdisciplinary nature of clinical reasoning. Furthermore, a thorough philosophical investigation on the values involved in health care is provided, based on both the clinical and philosophical literature. The book concludes by proposing an integrative approach to health and disease going beyond the so-called “classical biomedical model of care”.Foundations of Clinical Diagnosis
Probability in Clinical Diagnosis
Clinical Hypotheses in Diagnostic and Prognostic Reasoning
Prognosis in the Face of Uncertainty
On Clinical Possibility
The Epistemology of Placebo Effect
Nursing Knowledge and the Placebo Effect
Nursing Knowledge and Values
Clinical Equipoise and Moral Leeway
Philosophical and Cognitive Elements of Risk Communication in Informed Consent
Concluding Thoughts: Towards a Clinical Philosophy