Seryi A.A., Seraia E.I. Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma

2nd ed. — CRC Press, 2023. — 449 p. — ISBN 9781003326076, 1032352507.Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connections between the three aforementioned areas of physics that are essential for developing the next generation of accelerators. A Breakthrough by Design approach, introduced in the book as an amalgam of TRIZ inventive principles and laws of technical system evolution with the art of back-of-the-envelope estimations, via numerous examples and exercises discussed in the solution manual, will make you destined to invent. Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation. This second edition has been updated throughout, with new content on superconducting technology, energy recovery, polarization, various topics of advanced technology, etc., making it relevant for the Electron-Ion Collider project, as well as for advanced lights sources, including Free Electron Lasers with energy recovery. The book is suitable for students at the senior undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as for scientists and engineers interested in enhancing their abilities to work successfully on the development of the next generation of facilities, devices and scientific instruments manufactured from the synergy of accelerators, lasers and plasma.Key Features:
Introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers, and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness.
Outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation.
Contains more than 380 illustrations and numerous end-of-chapter exercises.
Solutions manual is included into the book!
Boasting more than 380 illustrations, this highly visual text:Employs TRIZ to amalgamate and link different areas of science.
Avoids heavy mathematics, using back-of-the-envelope calculations to convey key principles.
Introduces the Innovation by Design approach based an amalgam of TRIZ inventive principles and laws of technical system evolution with the art of back-of-the-envelope estimations – developing and applying this methodology, you will be destined to invent.
Includes updated materials for all eleven chapters of the first edition, e.g., the FEL invention path analysis, etc.
The second edition includes new chapters: Beam Cooling and Final Focusing, Beam Stability and Energy Recovery, Advanced Technologies.
The new chapters add topics such as superconducting magnets and accelerating cavities, polarized beams, energy recovery – themes relevant for new projects such as Electron-Ion Collider, or Free Electron Laser based on energy recovery for science or industry.The second edition also includes a new chapter with illustrations of 40 inventive principles of TRIZ based on the areas of accelerator, laser and plasma technology.
Every chapter includes invention case studies, often making important connections to adjacent areas of technologies, illustrated by the case of EUV light generation invention for semiconductor lithography, etc.
Includes end-of-chapter exercises focusing on physics and on applications of the inventiveness method, on reinventing technical systems and on practicing back-of-the-envelope estimations; and also includes mini-projects, suitable for exercises by teams of students.
Includes a detailed Guide to solutions of the exercises, discussing the inventions and highlighting the relevant inventive principles, as well as directions of mini-projects.
Includes discussion of the TRIZ laws of evolution of technical systems and makes bold predictions for the Year 2050 for accelerator, laser and plasma technology.True PDF.List of Figures.
List of Tables.
Foreword to the Second Edition.
Foreword to First Edition.
Preface to the Second Edition.
Preface to First Edition.
Authors.
Basics of Accelerators and of the Art of Inventiveness.
Accelerators and society.
Acceleration of what and how.
Uses, actions and the evolution of accelerators.
Livingston plot and competition of technologies.
Accelerators and inventions.
How to invent.
How to invent— evolution of the methods.
TRIZ method.
TRIZ in action— examples.
TRIZ method for science.
AS-TRIZ.
TRIZ and creativity.
The art of scientific predictions.
The art of estimations.
Breakthrough by design approach.
Transverse Dynamics.
Maxwell equations and units.
Simplest accelerator.
Equations of motion.
Motion of charged particles in EM fields.
Drift in crossed E×B fields.
Motion in quadrupole fields.
Linear betatron equations of motion.
Matrix formalism.
Pseudo-harmonic oscillations.
Principal trajectories.
Examples of transfer matrices.
Matrix formalism for transfer lines.
Analogy with geometric optics.
An example of a FODO lattice.
Twiss functions and matrix formalism.
Stability of betatron motion.
Stability of a FODO lattice.
Propagation of optics functions.
Phase space.
Phase space ellipse and Courant-Snyder invariant.
Dispersion and tunes.
Dispersion.
Betatron tunes and resonances.
Aberrations and coupling.
Chromaticity.
Coupling.
Higher orders.
Tail Folding Octupoles — Invention Case Study.
Synchrotron Radiation.
SR on the back of an envelope.
SR power loss.
Cooling time.
Cooling time and partition.
SR photon energy.
SR— number of photons.
SR effects on the beam.
SR-induced energy spread.
SR-induced emittance growth.
Equilibrium emittance.
SR features.
Emittance of single radiated photon.
SR spectrum.
Brightness or brilliance.
Ultimate brightness.
Wiggler and undulator radiation.
SR quantum regime.
LEP Energy Increase— Invention Case Study.
Synergies between Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma.
Create.
Beam sources.
Lasers.
Plasma generation.
Energize.
Beam acceleration.
Laser amplifiers.
Laser repetition rate and efficiency.
Fiber lasers and slab lasers.
CPA— chirped pulse amplification.
OPCPA— optical parametric CPA.
Plasma oscillations.
Critical density and surface.
Manipulate.
Beam and laser focusing.
Weak and strong focusing.
Aberrations for light and beam.
Compression of beam and laser pulses.
Interact.
Creation of Mak Telescope— Invention Case Study.
Conventional Acceleration.
Historical introduction.
Electrostatic accelerators.
Synchrotrons and linacs.
WiderÖe linear accelerator.
Alvarez drift tube linac.
Phase focusing.
Synchrotron oscillations.
Waveguides.
Waves in free space.
Conducting surfaces.
Group velocity.
Dispersion diagram for a waveguide.
Iris-loaded structures.
Cavities.
Waves in resonant cavities.
Pill-box cavity.
Quality factor of a resonator.
Shunt impedance— Rs.
Energy gain and transit-time factor.
Kilpatrick limit.
Longitudinal dynamics.
Acceleration in RF structures.
Longitudinal dynamics in a traveling wave.
Longitudinal dynamics in a synchrotron.
RF potential— nonlinearity and adiabaticity.
Synchrotron tune and betatron tune.
Accelerator technologies and applications.
Focusing in Drift Tube Linac — Invention Case Study.
Plasma Acceleration.
Motivations.
Maximum field in plasma.
Early steps of plasma acceleration.
Laser intensity and ionization.
Laser pulse intensity.
Atomic intensity.
Progress in laser peak intensity.
Types of ionization.
Barrier suppression ionization.
Normalized vector potential.
Laser contrast ratio.
Schwinger intensity limit.
The concept of laser acceleration.
Ponderomotive force.
Laser plasma acceleration in nonlinear regime.
Wave breaking.
Importance of laser guidance.
Betatron radiation sources.
Transverse fields in the bubble.
Estimations of betatron radiation parameters.
Glimpse into the future.
Laser plasma acceleration— rapid progress.
Compact radiation sources.
Evolution of computers and light sources.
Plasma acceleration aiming at TeV.
Multi-stage laser plasma acceleration.
Beam-driven plasma acceleration.
Laser-plasma and protons.
LWFA Downramp Injection— Invention Case Study.
Light Sources.
SR properties and history.
Electromagnetic spectrum.
Brief history of synchrotron radiation.
Evolution and parameters of SR sources.
Generations of synchrotron radiation sources.
Basic SR properties and parameters of SR sources.
SR source layouts and experiments.
Layout of a synchrotron radiation source.
Experiments using SR.
Compton and Thomson scattering of photons.
Thomson scattering.
Compton scattering.
Compton scattering characteristics.
Compton light sources.
Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat— Invention Case Study.
Free Electron Lasers.
FEL conceptually.
FEL history— invention case study.
SR from bends, wigglers and undulators.
Radiation from sequence of bends.
SR spectra from wiggler and undulator.
Motion and radiation in sine-like field.
Basics of FEL Operation.
Average longitudinal velocity in an undulator.
Particle and field energy exchange.
Resonance condition.
Number of photons emitted.
Microbunching conceptually.
FEL types.
Multi-pass FEL.
Single-pass FEL.
Microbunching and gain.
Microbunching in helical undulator.
FEL low-gain curve.
High-gain FELs.
FEL designs and properties.
FEL beam emittance requirements.
FEL and laser comparison.
FEL radiation properties.
Typical FEL design and accelerator challenges.
Beyond the fourth-generation light sources.
EUV Light Generation— Invention Case Study.
Proton and Ion Laser Plasma Acceleration.
Bragg peak.
DNA response to radiation.
Conventional proton therapy facilities.
Beam generation and handling at proton facilities.
Beam injectors in proton facilities.
Plasma acceleration of protons and ions— motivation.
Regimes of proton laser plasma acceleration.
Sheath acceleration regime.
Hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration.
Light-sail radiation pressure acceleration.
Emerging mechanisms of acceleration.
Glimpse into the future.
Boosted Frame LWFA — Invention Case Study.
Beam Cooling and Final Focusing.
Beam Cooling.
Electron and stochastic beam cooling.
Optical stochastic cooling.
Ionisation cooling.
Cooling rates estimate.
Electron cooling, electron lens and Gabor lens.
Laser cooling.
Local correction.
Final focus local corrections.
Interaction region corrections.
Traveling focus.
Crabbed collisions.
Round-to-flat beam transfer.
Local Chromatic Correction— Invention Case Study.
Beam Stability and Energy Recovery.
Stability of beams.
Stability of relativistic beams.
Beam–beam effects.
Beam break-up and BNS damping.
Landau damping.
Stability and spectral approach.
Energy Recovery.
Energy Recovery in Electron Cooling.
Energy Recovery in Free Electron Lasers.
Energy Recovery in Colliders.
Energy Recovery in Plasma Acceleration.
Higher-Energy Cooling— Invention Case Study.
Advanced Beam Manipulation.
Short and narrow-band.
Bunch compression.
CSR — coherent synchrotron radiation.
CSR effects on the beam longitudinal phase space.
Short laser pulse and Q-switching techniques.
Q-switching methods.
Regenerative amplifiers.
Mode locking.
Self-seeded FEL.
Laser–beam interaction.
Beam laser heating.
Beam laser slicing.
Beam laser harmonic generation.
Beam or pulse addition.
Optical cavities.
Accumulation of charged particle bunches.
Polarization.
Positron Plasma Acceleration— Invention Case Study.
Advanced Technologies.
Power sources.
IOT — inductive output tubes.
Klystron.
Magnetron.
Powering the accelerating structure.
Lasers and plasma.
Coherent addition of laser pulses.
Resonant plasma excitation.
Toward plasma-based CPA.
Top-up and nonlinear injection.
Medical systems.
Superconducting systems.
Superconducting magnets.
Superconducting RF.
Systems engineering.
Superlattice Photocathode— Invention Case Study.
Inventions and Innovations in Science.
Accelerating science TRIZ.
Trends and principles.
TRIZ laws of technical system evolution.
From radar to high-power lasers.
Modern laws of system evolution.
Engineering, TRIZ and science.
Weak, strong and cool.
Higgs, superconductivity and TRIZ.
Garin, matreshka and Nobel.
Aiming for Pasteur quadrant.
How to cross the Valley of Death.
How to learn TRIZ in science.
Destined to Invent.
Let us be challenged.
The Year 2050 predictions.
Forty Inventive Principles.
Segmentation.
Taking out.
Local quality.
Asymmetry.
Merging.
Universality.
«Nested Doll».
Anti-force.
Preliminary anti-action.
Preliminary action.
Beforehand cushioning.
Equipotentiality.
The other way around.
Spheroidality— Curvature.
Dynamics.
Partial or excessive actions.
Another dimension.
Oscillations and resonances.
Periodic action.
Continuity of useful action.
Skipping.
Blessing in disguise.
Feedback.
Intermediary.
Self-service.
Copying.
Cheap, short-lived objects.
Mechanics substitution.
Pneumatics and hydraulics.
Flexible shells and thin films.
Porous materials.
Color changes.
Homogeneity.
Discarding and recovering.
Parameter changes.
Phase transitions.
Thermal/electrical expansion or property change.
Strong oxidants.
Inert atmosphere.
Composite materials.
Final Words.
Appendix A: Guide to Solutions of the Exercises.
Bibliography.
Index.